Although it is required from an ontology to be formally defined, there is no common definition of the term ontology itself. The definitions can be categorized into roughly three groups: Ontology is a term in philosophy and its meaning is ``theory of existence . Ontology is an explicit specification of conceptualization. Ontology is a body of knowledge describing some domain…
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Limestone (source code), a Node.js connector to Sphinx search server, is a quite handy library written by Serge Shirokov. In using Limestone for some of my work recently, though, I found that it was missing proper support for geosearch, i.e., searching by distance given latitude-longitude pairs. I’ve augmented the library to support a geo-search only application that I recently…
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A recent announcement by Google highlights the search engine’s improved ability to understand words and how they relate to each other. By highlighting synonyms in its search results, Google is showing that it can figure out much more about the context of page content. Google’s improved linguistic and semantic skills may be a double edged sword for people who use search engine…
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• Pragmatics is the study of language from the point of view of usage. It has various sub-forms depending on the emphasis given by linguists, for instance it can be investigated from a strictly linguistic stance or with regard to social factors. • Presupposition means that something is taken for granted in a sentence whereas entailment implies that some other fact(s) apart…
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Some applications, particularly those written with a single-node database server in mind, attempt to immediately read a value they have just inserted into the database, without making those those operations part of a single transaction. A read/write splitting proxy or a connection pool combined with a load-balancer can direct each operation to a different database node. Since…
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Jerry L. Morgan Annual Review of Anthropology Vol. 6 (1977) : 57 -67 J Nichols Annual Review of Anthropology Vol. 13 (1984) : 97 -117 S Fillenbaum Annual Review of Psychology Vol. 22 (1971) : 251 -308 S Chung Annual Review of Anthropology Vol. 16 (1987) : 179 -196 M Aronoff Annual Review of Anthropology Vol. 12 (1983) : 355 -375 Charles Clifton, Jr. and Susan A. Duffy Annual…
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Please note, that the content model of footer has now been updated to reflect that of header, so you can have navs & headings in your footers. For more information, please read my updated article The Footer Element Update. and read the tracking note. For some time now we’ve become accustomed to seeing at the bottom of web pages but with the introduction of HTML 5 it’s…
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858 An information-theoretic definition of similarity - Lin - 1998 Citation Context ilarity as a function of the contexts in which words are used. Others have calculated similarity using semantic nets (Rada et al., 1989), in particular WordNet (Resnik, 1995; Jiang and Conrath, 1997; =-=Lin, 1998-=-; Hirst and St-Onge, 1998; Leacock and Chodorow, 1998) and Roget’s Thesaurus…
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Welcome to Roger Russell s A. E. Van Vogt Page Copyright 1996-2004 by Roger Russell All rights reserved No portion of this site may be reproduced in whole or in part without written permission of the author. This symbol, or Null-A, means non-Aristotelian, or a multivalued logic (all shades of gray). In comparison, Aristotelian means a two valued logic (only black or white)…
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In general, the semantics of the Scala.js language are the same as Scala on the JVM. However, a few differences exist, which we mention here. Primitive data types All primitive data types work exactly as on the JVM, with the following three exceptions. Floats can behave as Doubles by default Scala.js underspecifies the behavior of Floats by default. Any Float value can be stored…
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If you are using headings (h1 to h6), you are already using something that could be called implicit sections . The outlines of the following two markup examples semantically identical: Example 1: My cool site … My cool article … … Example 2: … … … So in this very case it wouldn t matter if you explicitly add section or not: the outline (the semantic structure) would be the…
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Let’s describe some common document structures and convert them to HTML5: A weblog article In HTML4 we’d probably wrap the article in etc. Obviously we should use instead in HTML5. Title Content… A long article with subsections (like a thesis) Article Title Section Section Section Again the article would generally be wrapped in a in HTML4, and the subsections would only be…
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Semantics is the study of meaning. There are two types of meaning: conceptual meaning and associative meaning. The conceptual meaning of the word sea is something that is large, filled with saltwater, and so on. This meaning is true for everyone. The associative meaning might be pirates, shipwreck, storms, battle and so on. These associations vary from person to person. The…
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Nearly every web designer is guilty of forcing line breaks, creating tables that don t hold tabular data, and a host of other egregious HTML sins. Now that CSS is around, Molly E. Holzschlag slaps our hands and explains why we should pay attention to each element s content, not just its looks. Surely by now you ve heard or seen the term semantics being bandied about by web…
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A research initiative of the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. The main aim of the EoSS project is to investigate how meanings vary over space and change over time. We focus on different kinds of categories: containers (kinds of objects), colour (attributes of objects), body parts (parts of objects), and spatial relations (how objects are related to one another)…
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Taking a new approach to medieval art, Meaning in Motion reveals the profound importance of movement in the physical, emotional, and intellectual experience of art and architecture in the Middle Ages. Focusing on the physical movement of objects and viewers, as well as movements of the mind, this richly illustrated collection of interdisciplinary essays explores a wide range…
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Generally speaking, in lock-free programming, there are two ways in which threads can manipulate shared memory: They can compete with each other for a resource, or they can pass information co-operatively from one thread to another. Acquire and release semantics are crucial for the latter: reliable passing of information between threads. In fact, I would venture to guess that…
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Michael Silverstein Annual Review of Anthropology Vol. 1 (1972) : 349 -382 Charles Clifton, Jr. and Susan A. Duffy Annual Review of Psychology Vol. 52 (2001) : 167 -196 S Steele Annual Review of Anthropology Vol. 18 (1989) : 157 -175 A K Farmer Annual Review of Anthropology Vol. 14 (1985) : 25 -48 S Chung Annual Review of Anthropology Vol. 16 (1987) : 179 -196 M Aronoff Annual…
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